ABSTRACT Pakistan is an Islamic Republic having 96 percent of Muslim population. The other population is composed of Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Qadianies, Parsis and Bihais. Some of these are well settled but a large number of them are underprivileged. The social problems of non-Muslim citizens in Rawalpindi based on religion are discussed in this research. Rawalpindi city was universe in this research while Hindu and Christian respondents were the population. A large number of non-Muslim citizens face these issues due to being minority in the country. Lack of freedom for religious practices to non-Muslims in Pakistan is the most important issue for the minority groups. Even they cannot perform their religious festivals with ease in some areas. The religious identity of non-Muslim citizens has also been affected. Moreover, they have to face religious bias in the society, due to this bias minority groups have to face social discrimination. One reason of this discrimination is the old caste system in our society. Rapidly growing intolerance has been changed into extremism and violence. The minorities in Pakistan are living as a depressed class of the society. Having a reasonable job is also a difficult task for the marginalized minority groups. In this research some issues of non-Muslims citizen residing in Rawalpindi are discussed based on religion.

ABSTRACTTeachers’ attitude and instructional style has its influence on learners’ character, learning and their educational achievement. The main purpose of the study was to explore the attitude of university teachers towards weak and bright students based on fourcategories of professional, reinforcement, interaction and attention aspects of teachers’ attitude. Population of this study consisted of all university students. The target population was the weak and bright students of four universities of Islamabad enrolled in BS and Masters Programs of Business Administration, Economics and Computer Science. Program wise target population for four universities were identified as 10420 students. For sample selection, program wise results of previous semester were collected from respective departments and list was arranged from highest to lowest CGPA obtained by students. Five percent topbright students and five percent bottom weak students from each category were considered within sample. Finally, a sample of 1042 students was available for conduct of research. Self-developed questionnaire consisted of 33 items based on four categories of teachers’ attitude was used. To access the validity and reliability different experts were involved in this pilot testing process. The collected data was analyzed through mean, standard deviations, F, t-test. The results of the study highlighted teachers have unequal treatment with the weak and bright students. Suggestions were given in the light of the findings.

ABSTRACT This article accosts the findings of a study conducted on identifying the role of attributional complexity in determining the social competence among students. A sample of 188 students with age of 12 to 14 years (mean age of 13.45, SD = .773) from public schools of Multan Pakistan was contacted through convenience sampling technique. To measure study variables, Attributional Complexity Scale and Social Competence Scale were administered to the participants. Employing correlation, regression analysis, and t-test, findings showed a positive significant correlation between attributional complexity and social competence. Students who were high in attributional complexity were found more socially competent as compared to those having low score on attributional complexity scale. Regression analysis further shows that seven components of attributional complexity are significantly contributing in the prediction of social competence except motivation component and abstract vs. casual. On the basis of these findings, it is underlined that students’ attributional styles should be considered in the explanation and understanding of their social interactions and adjustment.

ABSTRACT Fiscal policy is used to improve human development, reduce poverty and stabilize economic growth. This study explores the relationship among human development index, defense expenditures, and non-defense expenditures for Pakistan. It uses autoregressive distributed lag model for investigating the long run and short run impacts of different types of expenditures on human development. The findings show that in the long run per capita income, health expenditures, recurrent expenditures and development expenditures have positive effects on human development, while the impact of defense expenditures is insignificant. It is interesting to note that although defense expenditures have insignificant effect however the military government regime has positive impact on human development. The study suggests investing in human capital to improve human development in Pakistan.

ABSTRACT The goal of this research paper is to demonstrate the use of Fairclough?s three-part analytical model with its implementation on Robert Frost?s poem Fire and Ice. This paper describes the inter-connections and patterns of the text of the poem that needs to be described, interpreted and explained. It aims to analyze the hidden agenda of the poem critically which is highly didactic. It sheds light on the methodology of Fairclough?s model and explores the intended meaning of the poem. It tells the readers that how the use of simple words in a unique way can shape the minds of people in a particular society. The analysis is not so tidily done because the framework is complex and based on three different kinds of stages that are embedded into one inside the other.

ABSTRACT Contemporary Technologies are having an exceptionally deep influence on human beings for giving delight and satisfaction in one side, whilst they are creating many questions in their brains whether they can actualize and use them in their life. Natural Change of sex is among such concerns, which requires contention about their pragmatic adaptation. This article will highlight the need of natural sex change and Islamic concept regarding its validation